Definitions

For the purposes of this rule and rule 10TB to rule 10TG,- (a) ["accountant" means an accountant referred to in the Explanation below sub-section (2) of section 288 of the Act and includes any person recognised for undertaking cost certification by the Government of the country where the associated enterprise is registered or incorporated or any of its agencies, who fulfils the following conditions, namely:- (I) if he is a member or partner in any entity engaged in rendering accountancy or valuation services then,- (i) the entity or its affiliates have presence in more than two countries; and (i) his annual receipt in the year preceding the year in which cost certification is undertaken, from the exercise of profession, exceeds one crore rupees; and (i) research and development producing new theorems and algorithms in the field of theoretical computer science; (ii) development of information technology at the level of operating systems, programming languages, data management, communications software and software development tools; (iii) development of Internet technology; (iv) research into methods of designing, developing, deploying or maintaining software; (v) software development that produces advances in generic approaches for capturing, transmitting, storing, retrieving, manipulating or displaying information; (vi) experimental development aimed at filling technology knowledge gaps as necessary to develop a software programme or system; (vii) research and development on software tools or technologies in specialised areas of computing (image processing, geographic data presentation, character recognition, artificial intelligence and such other areas);or (viii) upgradation of existing products where source code has been made available by the principal , [except where the source code has been made available to carry out routine functions like debugging of the software] ; (ii) he has professional experience of not less than ten years.] (aa) [] "contract research and development services wholly or partly relating to software development" means the following, namely:- (ii) the annual receipt of the entity in the year preceding the year in which cost certification is undertaken exceeds ten crore rupees; (II) if he is pursuing the profession of accountancy individually or is a valuer then,- (b) "core auto components" means,- (i) engine and engine parts, including piston and piston rings, engine valves and parts cooling systems and parts and power train components; (ii) transmission and steering parts, including gears, wheels, steering systems, axles and clutches; (iii) suspension and braking parts, including brake and brake assemblies, brake linings, shock absorbers and leaf springs; (c) "corporate guarantee" means explicit corporate guarantee extended by a company to its wholly owned subsidiary being a non-resident in respect of any short-term or long-term borrowing. Explanation. - For the purposes of this clause, explicit corporate guarantee does not include letter of comfort, implicit corporate guarantee, performance guarantee or any other guarantee of similar nature; (ca) ["employee cost" includes,- (i) salaries and wages; (ii) gratuities; (iii) contribution to Provident Fund and other funds; (iv) the value of perquisites as specified in clause (2) of section 17 of the Act; (v) employment related allowances, like medical allowance, dearness allowance, travel allowance and any other allowance; (vi) bonus or commission by whatever name called; (vii) lump sum payments received at the time of termination of service or superannuation or voluntary retirement, such as gratuity, severance pay, leave encashment, voluntary retrenchment benefits, commutation of pension and similar payments; (viii) expenses incurred on contractual employment of persons performing tasks similar to those performed by the regular employees; (ix) outsourcing expenses, to the extent of employee cost, wherever ascertainable, embedded in the total outsourcing expenses: Provided that where the extent of employee cost embedded in the total outsourcing expenses is not ascertainable, eighty per cent of the total outsourcing expenses shall be deemed to be the employee cost embedded in the total outsourcing expenses; (x) recruitment expenses; (xi) relocation expenses; (xii) training expenses; (xiii) staff welfare expenses; and (xiv) any other expenses related to employees or the employment;] (d) "generic pharmaceutical drug" means a drug that is comparable to a drug already approved by the regulatory authority in dosage form, strength, route of administration, quality and performance characteristics, and intended use; (e) "information technology enabled services" means the following business process outsourcing services provided mainly with the assistance or use of information technology, namely:- (i) back office operations; (ii) call centres or contact centre services; (iii) data processing and data mining; (iv) insurance claim processing; (v) legal databases; (vi) creation and maintenance of medical transcription excluding medical advice; (vii) translation services; (viii) payroll; (ix) remote maintenance; (x) revenue accounting; (xi) support centres; (xii) website services; (xiii) data search integration and analysis; (xiv) remote education excluding education content development; or (xv) clinical database management services excluding clinical trials, but does not include any research and development services whether or not in the nature of contract research and development services; (f) "intra-group loan" means loan advanced to wholly owned subsidiary being a non-resident, where the loan- (i) is sourced in Indian rupees; (ii) is not advanced by an enterprise, being a financial company including a bank or a financial institution or an enterprise engaged in lending or borrowing in the normal course of business; and (iii) does not include credit line or any other loan facility which has no fixed term for repayment; (g) "knowledge process outsourcing services" means the following business process outsourcing services provided mainly with the assistance or use of information technology requiring application of knowledge and advanced analytical and technical skills, namely:- (i) geographic information system; (ii) human resources services; (iii) engineering and design services; (iv) animation or content development and management; (v) business analytics; (vi) financial analytics; or (vii) market research, but does not include any research and development services whether or not in the nature of contract research and development services; ([ga)"low value-adding intra-group services" means services that are performed by one or more members of a multinational enterprise group on behalf of one or more other members of the same multinational enterprise group and which,- (i) are in the nature of support services; (ii) are not part of the core business of the multinational enterprise group, i.e., such services neither constitute the profit-earning activities nor contribute to the economically significant activities of the multinational enterprise group; (iii) are not in the nature of shareholder services or duplicate services; (iv) neither require the use of unique and valuable intangibles nor lead to the creation of unique and valuable intangibles; (v) neither involve the assumption or control of significant risk by the service provider nor give rise to the creation of significant risk for the service provider; and (vi) do not have reliable external comparable services that can be used for determining their arm's length price, but does not include the following services, namely:- (i) research and development services; (ii) manufacturing and production services; (iii) information technology (software development) services; (iv) knowledge process outsourcing services; (v) business process outsourcing services; (vi) purchasing activities of raw materials or other materials that are used in the manufacturing or production process; (vii) sales, marketing and distribution activities; (viii) financial transactions; (ix) extraction, exploration, or processing of natural resources; and (x) insurance and reinsurance;] (h) "non-core auto components" mean auto components other than core auto components; (i) "no tax or low tax country or territory" means a country or territory in which the maximum rate of income-tax is less than fifteen per cent; (j) "operating expense" means the costs incurred in the previous year by the assessee in relation to the international transaction during the course of its normal operations including [costs relating to Employee Stock Option Plan or similar stock-based compensation provided for by the associated enterprises of the assessee to the employees of the assessee, reimbursement to associated enterprises of expenses incurred by the associated enterprises on behalf of the assessee, amounts recovered from associated enterprises on account of expenses incurred by the assessee on behalf of those associated enterprises and which relate to normal operations of the assessee and] depreciation and amortisation expenses relating to the assets used by the assessee, but not including the following, namely:- (i) interest expense; (ii) provision for unascertained liabilities; (iii) pre-operating expenses; (iv) loss arising on account of foreign currency fluctuations; (v) extraordinary expenses; (vi) loss on transfer of assets or investments; (vii) expense on account of income-tax; and (viii) other expenses not relating to normal operations of the assessee: [Provided that reimbursement to associated enterprises of expenses incurred by the associated enterprises on behalf of the assessee shall be at cost: Provided further that amounts recovered from associated enterprises on account of expenses incurred by the assessee on behalf of the associated enterprises and which relate to normal operations of the assessee shall be at cost;] (k) "operating revenue" means the revenue earned by the assessee in the previous year in relation to the international transaction during the course of its normal operations [including costs relating to Employee Stock Option Plan or similar stock-based compensation provided for by the associated enterprises of the assessee to the employees of the assessee] but not including the following, namely:- (i) interest income; (ii) income arising on account of foreign currency fluctuations; (iii) income on transfer of assets or investments; (iv) refunds relating to income-tax; (v) provisions written back; (vi) extraordinary incomes; and (vii) other incomes not relating to normal operations of the assessee. (l) "operating profit margin" in relation to operating expense means the ratio of operating profit, being the operating revenue in excess of operating expense, to the operating expense expressed in terms of percentage; (la) ["relevant previous year" means the previous year relevant to the assessment year in which the option for safe harbour is validly exercised;] (m) "software development services" means,- (i) business application software and information system development using known methods and existing software tools; (ii) support for existing systems; (iii) converting or translating computer languages; (iv) adding user functionality to application programmes; (v) debugging of systems; (vi) adaptation of existing software; or (vii) preparation of user documentation, but does not include any research and development services whether or not in the nature of contract research and development services.