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MINISTRY OF FINANCE
(Department of Revenue)
NOTIFICATION
New Delhi, the 21st May, 2019
S.O. 1789(E).—Whereas, the Agreement between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government
of the Republic of the Marshall Islands for the exchange of Information with respect to taxes (hereinafter referred to as
the said Agreement) as set out in the Annexure to this notification, was signed at Majuro, the Republic of the Marshall
Islands on the 18th day of March, 2016;
And whereas, the said Agreement entered into force on the 6th December, 2018 being the date of the later of
the notifications of the completion of the procedures required by the respective laws for the entry into force of the said
Agreement, in accordance with Article 10 of the said Agreement;
Now, therefore, in exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section(1) of section 90 of the Income-tax Act, 1961
(43 of 1961), the Central Government hereby notifies that all the provisions of the said Agreement shall be given effect
to in the Union of India.
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ANNEXURE
AGREEMENT
BETWEEN
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA
AND
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS
FOR
THE EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION RELATING TO TAX MATTERS
The Government of the Republic of India and the Government of Republic of the Marshall Islands, desiring to facilitate
the exchange of information with respect to taxes have agreed as follows:
Article 1
Object and Scope of the Agreement
The competent authorities of the Contracting Parties shall provide assistance through exchange of information that is
foreseeably relevant to the administration and enforcement of the domestic laws of the Contracting Parties concerning
taxes covered by this Agreement. Such information shall include information that is foreseeably relevant to the
determination, assessment and collection of such taxes, the recovery and enforcement of tax claims, or the investigation
or prosecution of tax matters. Information shall be exchanged in accordance with the provisions of this agreement. The
rights and safeguards secured to persons by the laws or administrative practice of the requested party remain applicable
to the extent that they do not unduly prevent or delay effective exchange of information.
Article 2
Jurisdiction
Information shall be exchanged in accordance with this Agreement without regard to whether the person to whom the
information relates is, or whether the information is held by, a resident of a Contracting party. However, a Requested
Party is not obliged to provide information which is neither held by its authorities nor is in the possession or control of
persons who are within its territorial jurisdiction.
Article 3
Taxes Covered
1.
The taxes which are the subject of this Agreement are:
a) In India, taxes of every kind and description imposed by the Central Government or the Governments of
political subdivisions or local authorities, irrespective of the manner in which they are levied;
b) In the Republic of the Marshall Islands, taxes of every kind and description imposed by the Central/Federal
Government or the Governments of political subdivisions or local authorities, irrespective of the manner in which
they are levied.
2.
This Agreement shall also apply to any identical or substantially similar taxes imposed after the date of signature of
this Agreement in addition to, or in place of, the existing taxes. The competent authorities of the Contracting Parties
shall notify each other of any substantial changes to the taxation and related information gathering measures which
may affect the obligations of that Party pursuant to this Agreement.
Article 4
Definitions
1.
For the purposes of this Agreement, unless otherwise defined:
a)
The term “India” means the territory of India and includes the territorial sea and airspace above it, as well as any
other maritime zone in which India has sovereign rights, other rights and jurisdiction, according to the Indian law
and in accordance with international law, including the U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea;
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b)
The term “the Republic of the Marshall Islands” means any land territory within the territorial limits of the Republic
of the Marshall Islands, and includes the internal waters and territorial sea of the Republic of the Marshall Islands;
c)
The term "Contracting Party" means India or the Republic of the Marshall Islands as the context requires;
d)
The term “competent authority” means
i)
In the case of India, the Finance Minister, Government of India, or its authorized representative;
ii) In the case of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Secretary of Finance or an authorized representative;
e)
The term "person" includes an individual, a company, a body of persons and any other entity which is treated as a
taxable unit under the taxation laws in force in the respective Contracting Parties;
f)
The term "company'" means anybody corporate or any entity that is treated as a body corporate for tax purposes;
g)
The term "publicly traded company" means any company whose principal class of shares is listed on a recognized
stock exchange provided its listed shares can be readily purchased or sold by the public. Shares can be purchased or
sold "by the public" if the purchase or sale of shares is not implicitly or explicitly restricted to a limited group of
investors;
h)
The term "principal class of shares" means the class or classes of shares representing a majority of the voting power
and value of the company;
i)
The term "tax" means any tax to which this Agreement applies;
j)
The term "recognized stock exchange" means
i)
In India, the National Stock Exchange, the Bombay Stock Exchange, and any other stock exchange recognized
by the Securities and Exchange Board of India;
ii) In the Republic of the Marshall Islands, it acknowledges that it does not have a stock exchange; and
iii) Any other stock exchange which the competent authorities agree to recognize for the purposes of this
Agreement;
k)
The term "collective investment fund or scheme" means any pooled investment vehicle, irrespective of legal form;
l)
The term "public collective investment fund or scheme" means any collective investment fund or scheme provided
the units, shares or other interests in the fund or scheme can be readily purchased, sold or redeemed by the public.
Units, shares or other interests in the fund or scheme can be readily purchased, sold or redeemed "by the public" if
the purchase, sale or redemption is not implicitly or explicitly restricted to a limited group of investors;
m) The term "requesting Party" means the Contracting Party submitting a request for information to, or having received
information from the requested Party;
n)
The term "requested Party" means the Contracting Party which is requested to provide information, or which has
provided information to the requesting Party;
o) The term "information gathering measures" means laws and administrative or judicial procedures that enable a
Contracting Party to obtain and provide the requested tax information;
p)
The term "information" means any fact, statement, document or record in whatever form.
2. As regards the application of this Agreement at any time by a Contracting Party, any term not defined therein shall,
unless the context otherwise requires or the Contracting Parties agree to a common meaning pursuant to the provision
of Article 9 of this Agreement, have the meaning that it has at that time under the law of that Party, any meaning
under the applicable tax laws of that party prevailing over a meaning given to the term under other laws of that Party.
Article 5
Exchange of Information upon Request
1.
The competent authority of the requested Party shall provide upon request information for the purpose referred to in
Article 1. Such information shall be exchanged without regard to whether the requested Party needs such
information for its own tax purposes or whether the conduct being investigated would constitute a crime under the
laws of the requested Party if such conduct occurred in the requested Party.
2.
If the information in the possession of the competent authority of the requested Party is not sufficient to enable it to
comply with the request for information, that Party shall use all relevant information gathering measures to provide
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the requesting Party with the information requested, notwithstanding that the requested Party may not need such
information for its own tax purposes.
3.
If specifically requested by the competent authority of the requesting Party, the competent authority of the requested
party shall provide information under this Article, to the extent allowable under its domestic laws, in the form of
depositions of witnesses and authenticated copies of original records.
4.
Each Contracting Party shall ensure that its competent authority, for the purposes of this agreement, has the
authority to obtain and provide upon request:
a) Information held by banks, other financial institutions, and any person, including nominees and trustees, acting
in an agency or fiduciary capacity;
b) Information regarding the legal and beneficial ownership of companies, partnerships, collective investment
funds or schemes, trusts, foundations, "Anstalten" and other persons, including, within the constraints of Article
2, ownership information on all such persons in an ownership chain; in the case of collective investment funds
or schemes, information on shares, units and other interests; in the case of trusts, information on settlors, trustees
and beneficiaries; in the case of foundations, information on founders, members of the foundation council and
beneficiaries; and equivalent information in case of entities that are neither trusts nor foundations.
5.
This Agreement does not create an obligation on the Contracting Parties to obtain or provide ownership information
with respect to publicly traded companies or public collective investment funds or schemes unless such information
can be obtained without giving rise to disproportionate difficulties.
6.
The competent authority of the requesting Party shall provide the following information to the competent authority
of the requested Party when making a request for information under the agreement to demonstrate the foreseeable
relevance of the information to the request:
a) the identity of the person under examination or investigation;
b) the period for which information is requested;
c) the nature of the information requested and the form in which the requesting Party would prefer to receive it;
d) the tax purpose for which the information is sought;
e) grounds for believing that the information requested is present in the requested Party or is in the possession or
control of a person within the jurisdiction of the requested Party;
f)
to the extent known, the name and address of any person believed to be in possession or control of the requested
information;
g) A statement that the requesting Party has pursued all means available in its own territory to obtain the
information, except those that would give rise to disproportionate difficulties.
7.
The competent authority of the requested Party shall forward the requested information as promptly as possible to
the requesting Party. To ensure a prompt response, the competent authority of the requested Party shall:
a) Confirm receipt of a request in writing to the competent authority of the requesting Party and shall notify the
competent authority of the requesting Party of deficiencies in the request, if any, within 60 days of the receipt of
the request.
b) If the competent authority of the requested Party has been unable to obtain and provide the information within
90 days of the receipt of the request, including if it encounters obstacles in furnishing the information or it
refuses to furnish the information, it shall immediately inform the requesting party, explaining the reason for its
inability, the nature of the obstacles or the reasons for its refusal.
Article 6
Tax Examinations Abroad
1.
At the request of the competent authority of the requesting Party, the requested Party may allow representatives of
the competent authority of the requesting Party to enter the territory of the requested Party, to the extent permitted
under its domestic laws, to interview individuals and examine records with the prior written consent of the
individuals or other person concerned. The competent authority of the requesting Party shall notify the competent
authority of the requested Party of the time and place of the intended meeting with the individuals concerned.
2.
At the request of the competent authority of the requesting Party, the requested Party may allow representatives of
the competent authority of the requesting Party to be present at the appropriate part of a tax examination in the
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requested party, in which case the competent authority of the requested party conducting the examination shall, as
soon as possible, notify the competent authority of the requesting Party about the time and place of the examination,
the authority or official designated to carry out the examination and the procedures and conditions required by the
requested Party for the conduct of the examination. All decisions with respect to the conduct of the tax examination
shall be made by the Party conducting the examination.
Article 7
Possibility of Declining a Request for information
1. The competent authority of the requested Party may decline to assist:
a) Where the request is not made in conformity with this Agreement; or
b) Where the requesting Party has not pursued all means available in its own territory to obtain the information,
except where recourse to such means would give rise to disproportionate difficulty; or
c) Where disclosure of the information would be contrary to public policy (ordre public) of the requested Party.
2. This Agreement shall not impose on a Contracting Party the obligation:
i)
To supply information which would disclose any trade, business, industrial, commercial or professional secret or
trade process, provided that information described in paragraph 4 of Article 5 shall not be treated as such a
secret or trade process merely because 'it meets the criteria in that paragraph; or
ii) to obtain or provide information, which would reveal confidential communication between a client and an
attorney, solicitor or other admitted legal representative where such communications are:
a) produced for the purposes of seeking or providing legal advice or
b) produced for the purposes of use in existing or contemplated legal proceedings; or
iii) to carry out administrative measures at variance with its laws and administrative practices, provided nothing in
this subparagraph shall affect the obligations of a Contracting Party under paragraph 4 of Article 5.
3. A request for information shall not be refused on the ground that the tax claim giving rise to the request is disputed.
4. The requested Party shall not be required to obtain and provide information which the requesting Party would be
unable to obtain in similar circumstances under its own laws for the purpose of the administration or enforcement of
its own tax laws or in response to a valid request from the requested Party under this Agreement.
5. The requested Party shall not decline to provide information solely because the request does not include all the
information required under Article 5 if the information can otherwise be provided according to the law of the
requested Party.
Article 8
Implementation Legislation
The Contracting Parties shall enact any legislation necessary to comply with, and give effect to, the terms of the
Agreement. Such legislation shall be enacted with six months of entry into force of this Agreement.
Article 9
Mutual Agreement Procedure
1. Where difficulties or doubts arise between the Contracting Parties regarding the implementation or interpretation of
the Agreement, the competent authorities shall endeavour to resolve the matter by mutual agreement. In addition, the
competent authorities of the Contracting Parties may mutually agree on the procedures to be used under Articles 5
and 6 of this Agreement.
2. The competent authorities of the Contracting Parties may communicate with each other directly for purposes of
reaching agreement under this Article.
Article 10
Entry into Force
1. The Contracting Parties shall notify each other in writing, through diplomatic channels, of the completion of the
procedures required by the respective laws for the entry into force of this Agreement.
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2. This Agreement shall enter into force on the date of the later of the notifications referred to in paragraph 1 of this
Article and shall thereupon have effect forthwith.
Article 11
Confidentiality
1. Any information received by a Contracting Party under this Agreement shall be treated as confidential and may be
disclosed only to persons or authorities (including courts and administrative bodies) in the jurisdiction of the
Contracting Party concerned with the assessment or collection of, the enforcement or prosecution in respect of, or the
determination of appeals in relation to the taxes covered by this Agreement. Such persons or authorities shall use such
information only for such purposes. They may disclose the information in public court proceedings or in judicial
decisions. The information may not be disclosed to any other person or entity or authority or any other jurisdiction
(including a foreign Government) without the express written consent of the competent authority of the requested
Party.
2. The information referred to in paragraph 1 may also be disclosed to and used by any officer, authority or body
performing any function under any law relating to: the imposition of any tax, duty, or cess; dealings in foreign
exchange; the prevention of illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances; or the prevention of
corruption, terrorist activities, or money laundering.
3. Notwithstanding the foregoing, information received by a Contracting Party may be disclosed to such other person
and used for such other purposes as allowed under the laws of both Parties and authorized by the competent authority
of the Party supplying the information.
Article 12
Termination
1. This Agreement shall remain in force until terminated by either Contracting Party.
2. Either Contracting Party may terminate the Agreement by serving a written notice of termination to the other
Contracting Party through diplomatic channels.
3. Such termination shall become effective on the first day of the month following the expiration of a period of six
months after the date of receipt of notice of termination by the other Contracting Party. All requests received up to the
effective date of termination shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of the Agreement.
4. In the event of termination of the Agreement, notwithstanding such termination, both Contracting Parties shall remain
bound by the provisions of Article 11 with respect to any information obtained under the Agreement.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, being duly authorised thereto by their respective Government, have signed
this Agreement.
DONE in duplicate at Majuro, the Republic of the Marshall Islands this 18th day of March, 2016 each in the Hindi and
English language, both texts being equally authentic. In case of divergence of interpretation, the English text shall
prevail.
[Notification No. 40/2019/F.No. 503/1/2018-FT & TR– IV]
RAJAT BANSAL, Jt. Secy.
Uploaded by Dte. of Printing at Government of India Press, Ring Road, Mayapuri, New Delhi-110064
and Published by the Controller of Publications, Delhi-110054.
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE
REPUBLIC OF INDIA:
Sujan R. Chinoy
Ambassador of India to the
Republic of the Marshall Islands
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE
REPUBLIC
OF
THE
MARSHALL
ISLANDS:
Brenson S. Wase
Minister of Finance of the Republic of the
Marshall Islands
