RBI notification RBI/2026-27/189 · 16 Jul 2026
Official title
Reserve Bank of India (Non-Banking Financial Companies – Resolution of Stressed Assets) Second Amendment Directions, 2026
Summary
Check the official recordThe Reserve Bank of India introduces prudential norms for Specified Non-financial Assets (SNFA) acquired by Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs). An SNFA is an immovable asset acquired to satisfy borrower claims. NBFCs must establish a policy for SNFA acquisition and disposal. NBFCs may only acquire SNFAs when borrower exposure is non-performing. The acquisition requires full or partial debt extinguishment on a non-recourse basis. NBFCs must record SNFAs at the lower of net book value or distress sale value. NBFCs must dispose of SNFAs within seven years through public auction. NBFCs cannot sell SNFAs back to the borrower or related parties. NBFCs must report SNFA details through the CIMS portal or to the National Housing Bank.
What you must do
Key dates
Who is affected
Thresholds
Exceptions
If you do not comply
RBI/2026-27/189 DOR.STR.REC.170/21-04-048/2026-27 July 16, 2026
Reserve Bank of India (Non-Banking Financial Companies – Resolution of Stressed Assets) Second Amendment Directions, 2026
Please refer to Reserve Bank of India (Non-Banking Financial Companies – Resolution of Stressed Assets) Directions, 2025 (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Directions’).
An NBFC generally does not transact in immovable assets as part of its core business operations, other than in exceptional cases where it acquires such immovable assets in satisfaction of its claims on the borrower. In order to provide clarity on the prudential treatment of such specified non-financial assets including non-banking assets (NBAs), acquired by an NBFC through various mechanisms, it has been decided to issue prudential norms applicable in such cases.
On examination of the feedback received on the draft Directions issued on May 5, 2026 and in exercise of the powers conferred by the sections 45JA, 45L and 45M of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934; sections 30A and 32 of the National Housing Bank Act, 1987 and section 3 read with section 31A and section 6 of the Factoring Regulation Act, 2011, and all other laws enabling the Reserve Bank of India (hereinafter called the Reserve Bank) in this regard, the Reserve Bank being satisfied that it is necessary and expedient in the public interest so to do, hereby issues the Amendment Directions hereinafter specified.
These Amendment Directions modify the Directions as under:
i. Paragraph 10(15A) shall be inserted as below:
(15A) ‘specified non-financial asset’ (SNFA) means an immovable asset acquired by a NBFC in satisfaction or part satisfaction of its claims on the borrower.
ii. Paragraph 16A shall be inserted as below:
16A. NBFC’s policy shall incorporate suitable clauses for acquisition of an SNFA and disposal thereof. Such provisions shall specify inter-alia the limit on SNFAs as a share of total assets, eligibility criteria, delegation matrix, recovery efforts to be explored before acquisition and maximum period for disposal not exceeding seven years.
iii. A new Chapter VII-A as under shall be inserted:
Chapter VII-A – Prudential Norms on Specified Non-financial Assets
138A. The provisions of this Chapter shall cover all SNFAs including those acquired through bilateral acquisitions or through Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest (SARFAESI) Act, 2002.
138B. In respect of any SNFA outstanding in the books of a NBFC as on September 30, 2026 (‘Legacy SNFAs’), compliance with these Directions shall be achieved latest by September 30, 2027.
138C. An SNFA shall be deemed to have been acquired only if the title of the asset is transferred in the name of the NBFC, and the NBFC is in a clear position to deal with the asset on its own.
138D. SNFA shall be acquired only in cases where a NBFC’s exposures to a borrower is classified as non-performing.
138E. SNFA may be acquired from the borrower against full or partial extinguishment of the NBFC’s exposure on a non-recourse basis.
138F. Partial extinguishment of exposure shall be treated as restructuring and the residual exposure to the borrower shall attract the prudential treatment applicable to restructuring as contained in these Directions.
A. Valuation
138G. Upon acquisition, SNFA shall be recorded in the balance sheet at the lower of the net book value (NBV) of the extinguished exposure or the distress sale value of the SNFA arrived by at least two independent external valuers.
138H. In case of partial extinguishment, the NBV of the extinguished exposure shall be calculated on a proportionate basis, i.e., as a proportion of the share of extinguished debt. Illustratively:
138I. At each subsequent reporting date, the SNFA shall be carried on the balance sheet at the revised NBV. The revised NBV of the SNFA shall be the value of extinguished exposure, net of the notional provisions applicable, had the exposure continued on the books of the NBFC. In case of partial extinguishment, the revised NBV of the SNFA shall be the extinguished fraction of the NBV of the original exposure.
B. Disposal of SNFAs
138J. A NBFC shall dispose of the SNFA within the maximum period of disposal as envisaged in the NBFC’s policy, subject to a maximum period of seven years.
138K. A NBFC shall make all efforts to dispose of the SNFA at the earliest through a public auction. For the purpose of public auction, a NBFC shall adhere with the principles of auction enshrined in the SARFAESI Act, 2002.
138L. A SNFA shall not be sold back to the borrower or its related parties. Related parties shall have the same meaning as defined in the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016. This restriction on sale back to borrower or its related parties shall continue to be adhered to, even in cases where the SNFA has ceased to be an SNFA in terms of paragraph 138M below.
138M. A SNFA put to the NBFC’s own use shall cease to be classified as an SNFA from the date of being put to use and shall be recorded under the accounting head ‘Fixed assets’ or under any other relevant accounting head.
C. Disclosure Requirements
138N. SNFAs shall not be included in the total stock of residual exposure / Gross NPA / Net NPA / Stressed exposures / Provisioning Coverage Ratio. The same shall be disclosed under the relevant accounting head in the balance sheet of the NBFC as ‘‘Specified Non-Financial Assets’, in accordance to the applicable regulations and accounting standards.
138O. A NBFC shall report the details of the SNFAs as per the formats provided in the Annex-2, in CIMS portal. In case of NBFC-HFCs, the details may be furnished to National Housing Bank (NHB).
(Vaibhav Chaturvedi) Chief General Manager
