Reserve Bank of India (Small Finance Banks – Climate Finance and Management of Climate Change Risks) Directions, 2025

RBI/DOR/2025-26/203 DOR.SFG.REC.No.122/30.01.021/2025-26 November 28, 2025

Reserve Bank of India (Small Finance Banks - Climate Finance and Management of Climate Change Risks) Directions, 2025

Table of Contents

Chapter I – Preliminary A. Short Title and Commencement B. Applicability C. Definitions Chapter II – Role of the Board Chapter III – Framework for Acceptance of Green Deposits A. Policy B. Denomination, interest rates and tenor of deposits C. Financing Framework D. Use of Proceeds E. Third-Party Verification / Assurance F. Impact Assessment G. Reporting and Disclosures Chapter IV - Repeal and other provisions A. Repeal and saving B. Application of other laws not barred C. Interpretations

Introduction

The Master Direction (MD) provides applicable guidelines as well as guidance related to climate finance and management of climate change risks. The objective is to enable Small Finance Banks to carry out comprehensive assessment of climate change risks, integrate climate change risk considerations into their extant risk management frameworks and structures and optimise flow of credit to green activities / projects overcoming greenwashing challenges, protecting interest of the depositors and thereby aiding customers to achieve their sustainability agenda.

In exercise of the powers conferred by Sections 21 and 35A of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, and all other provisions / laws enabling the Reserve Bank of India (‘RBI’) in this regard, the RBI being satisfied that it is necessary and expedient in the public interest so to do, hereby issues the Directions hereinafter specified.

Chapter I – Preliminary

A. Short Title and Commencement

1. These Directions shall be called the Reserve Bank of India (Small Finance Banks – Climate Finance and Management of Climate Change Risks) Directions, 2025.

2. These Directions shall come into force with immediate effect.

B. Applicability

3. These Directions shall be applicable to Small Finance Banks (hereinafter collectively referred to as ‘banks’ and individually as a ‘bank’).

C. Definitions

4. In these directions, unless the context states otherwise, the terms herein shall bear the meanings assigned to them below:

‘green activities / projects’ means activities/ projects meeting the requirements prescribed in paragraph 14 of these Directions;

‘green deposit’ means an interest-bearing deposit, received by a bank for a fixed period and the proceeds of which are earmarked for allocation towards green finance;

‘green finance’ means lending to and / or investing in green activities / projects meeting the requirements prescribed in paragraph 14 of these Directions. Such lending contributes to climate risk mitigation, climate adaptation and resilience, and other climate-related or environmental objectives - including biodiversity management and nature-based solution;

‘greenwashing’ means the practice of marketing products / services as green, when in fact they do not meet requirements to be defined as green activities / projects.

5. All other expressions unless defined herein shall have the same meaning as have been assigned to them under the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 or the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 or any statutory modification or re-enactment thereto, or Glossary of terms published by the RBI or as used in commercial parlance, as the case may be.

Chapter II – Role of the Board

6. A bank desirous of raising green deposits shall put in place comprehensive Board-approved policies on Green Deposits and Financing Framework, the coverage of which are indicated in paragraph 8 and paragraph 11 respectively of these Directions.

7. The Board shall be responsible for reviewing the bank’s green deposit initiatives through a review report to be placed in accordance with the provisions specified in paragraph 19 of these Directions.

Chapter III – Framework for Acceptance of Green Deposits

A. Policy

8. The Board-approved policy on green deposits of a bank shall lay down all aspects, in detail, for the issuance and allocation of green deposits. A copy of the policy on ‘Green Deposits’ shall be made available on the website of the bank. A bank may finance any green activities / projects irrespective of raising green deposits for the same. However, a bank shall not finance green activities / projects first and raise green deposits thereafter for the same.

B. Denomination, interest rates and tenor of deposits

9. A bank shall issue green deposits as cumulative / non-cumulative deposits. On maturity, the green deposits shall be renewed or withdrawn at the option of the depositor. The green deposits shall only be denominated in Indian Rupees and not in any foreign currency. The tenor, size, interest rate, and other terms and conditions as defined in the Reserve Bank of India (Small Finance Banks - Interest Rate on Deposits) Directions, 2025, as amended from time to time, shall also be applicable to green deposits mutatis mutandis.

Explanation:

It is not mandatory for a bank to raise green deposits, but in case it intends to raise green deposits from their customers they should follow the framework prescribed herein.

The extant guidelines enumerated above do not permit a bank to offer differential rate of interest on green deposits.

A bank shall pay interest on green deposits to its customers as per agreed terms and conditions and aforesaid directions irrespective of allocation / utilisation of proceeds.

With respect to premature withdrawal of green deposits, while there is no restriction, a bank shall adhere to the aforesaid directions. Further, premature withdrawal shall not have any bearing on the activities / projects undertaken using the proceeds of green deposits.

The deposits raised under the framework are covered by Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC) in accordance with the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation Act, 1961 and the regulations framed thereunder, as amended from time to time.

10. A bank shall be permitted to offer overdraft facility to customers against Green Deposits subject to the instructions contained in the Reserve Bank of India (Small Finance Banks – Credit Risk Management) Directions, 2025.

C. Financing Framework

11. The Board-approved Financing Framework (FF) put in place by a bank shall cover, inter-alia, the following for effective allocation of green deposits:

• (1) the eligible green activities / projects that could be financed out of proceeds raised through the green deposits (as permitted in paragraph 14 of these Directions);

Explanation:

The green activities / projects financed under the framework can be classified under priority sector if they meet the requirements laid down in Priority Sector Lending (PSL) guidelines of RBI [Master Directions - Reserve Bank of India (Priority Sector Lending – Targets and Classification) Directions, 2025 dated March 24, 2025], as amended from time to time.

Investment by a bank in Sovereign Green Bonds (SGrBs) are covered under the framework.

• (2) the process for project evaluation and selection by the bank including identifying the projects fit for lending / investing within the eligible categories, monitoring and validating all the related / required information provided by the borrower;

• (3) the allocation of proceeds of green deposits and its reporting and disclosures, Third-Party Verification / Assurance, and Impact Assessment; and

• (4) the particulars of the temporary allocation (which would only be in Level 1 High Quality Liquid Assets as defined in Reserve Bank of India (Small Finance Banks - Asset Liability Management) Directions, 2025, up to a maximum original tenure of one year) of green deposit proceeds, pending their allocation to the eligible activities / projects.

Explanation:

The bank can temporarily park proceeds of green deposits, pending allocation towards eligible green activities / projects, in liquid instruments with maximum maturity of one year.

While the framework does not envisage any penalty for non-allocation of proceeds towards eligible green activities / projects, it shall be subject to supervisory review.